Signal transmission method of closed-loop MIMO system

ABSTRACT

A closed-loop MIMO system includes a receiver for forming a new predefined set by using elements of a previous predefined set, selecting a certain matrix of the new predefined set, and feeding back an index of the matrix, if the number of transmit antennas increases, and a transmitter for performing signal transmission by multiplying the matrix of the fedback index to a transmission signal. Although the number of transmit antennas increases, candidate matrices can be simply obtained by using candidate matrices of a previous set. Moreover, by proposing a reference for selecting an optimal solution with a small amount of calculation, burden on a system can be considerably reduced.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system of mobile communication and, more particularly to a method for constructing and transmitting feedback information in a closed-loop MIMO system.

2. Description of the Related Art

The MIMO system is a technique for increasing capacity and high data rate transmission.

A closed-loop MIMO system feeding back channel information to a transmitter can acquire larger capacity and a lower bit error rate.

In spite of the advantages of the closed-loop scheme, system designers are reluctant to apply the closed-loop scheme for a physical system because the closed-loop scheme requires the very large feedback data and thus encroaches on one capacity of uplink and downlink.

The reason why the capacity of the feedback data is so large is because the feedback data is a matrix including complex numbers as elements and a dimension of the matrix is the product of the number of transmit antennas and the number of receive antennas.

In order to solve such a problem, a receiver of a related art closed-loop MIMO system feeds back only an index of an optimum solution.

FIG. 1 illustrates the construction of a general closed-loop MIMO system.

As shown in FIG. 1, a receiver 200 of the closed-loop MIMO system obtains C_(optimal) by using a matrix (H) indicating a wireless channel environment, compares a distance between C_(optimal) and elements of a predetermined matrix set (referred to as ‘predefined set’, hereinafter), and selects the closest element as a matrix with optimal performance (referred to as ‘optimal solution’, hereinafter).

Equation (1) shown below is an equation of an SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), one of methods used for obtaining C_(optimal), in which ‘U’ means C_(optimal). H ^(H) H=UΣU ^(H)  (1)

After the optimal solution is obtained, the receiver 200 feeds back information on the optimal solution to a transmitter 100. Because the transmitter 100 and the receiver 200 share information on the predefined set, the receiver 200 feeds back only the index of the optimal solution.

In FIG. 1, {C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(L)} defines the predefined set and each element of the predefined set is a matrix. Guides of the matrices {C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(L)} are orthonormality and have a maximum minimum distance. The orthonormality means C_(m) ^(H)C_(m)=I and the maximum minimum distance means that the predefined set should be formed with matrices whose minimum distance is the maximum. In order to determine elements of the predefined set, the receiver 200 searches every matrix and then determines matrices whose minimum distance becomes the maximum as candidate matrices of the predefined set.

However, the afore-mentioned related art has the following problems.

That is, first, in order to form the predefined set only with two guides, numerous orthogonal matrices are to be randomly selected as many as an arbitrary number and matrices whose minimum distance is the maximum are to be picked up, for which, thus, the arbitrary number must be considerably large. Namely, the related art method for forming the predefined set is ineffective because it lacks a structure and regularities.

Second, the processes are to be repeatedly performed whenever the number of transmit antennas is changed, making it difficult to immediately cope with a change in the system.

Third, elements of the predefined set are determined by searching every matrix one by one, which is very ineffective.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a signal transmission method of a closed-loop MIMO system designed for obtaining elements of a predetermined set systematically.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a signal transmission method of a closed-loop MIMO system designed for proposing a reference in selecting an optimal solution.

To achieve at least the above objects in whole or in parts, there is provided a closed-loop MIMO system including a receiver for forming a new predefined set by using elements of a previous predefined set, selecting a certain matrix of the new predefined set, and feeding back an index of the matrix, if the number of transmit antennas increases; and a transmitter for performing signal transmission by multiplying the matrix of the fedback index to a transmission signal.

Preferably, if there are two transmit antennas, elements of the predefined set are obtained according to an equation shown below: $\begin{bmatrix} {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{11}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{12}}{K}} \right)} \\ {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{21}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{22}}{K}} \right)} \end{bmatrix}\quad$ wherein k_(mn) is one of an integer values of 0, 1, . . . , K−1, ‘m’ indicates a row and ‘n’ indicates a column.

Preferably, the certain matrix is selected by an equation shown below: $\underset{l}{\arg{\quad\quad}\min}{\prod\limits_{m}\quad\left( {C_{l}^{H}H^{H}H\quad C_{l}} \right)_{mm}}$ wherein ‘H’ is a matrix indicating a radio channel and [ ]^(H) means a conjugate transpose.

To achieve at least these advantages in whole or in parts, there is further provided a signal transmission method in a closed-loop MIMO system including: selecting a certain matrix from a new predefined set formed by using elements of a previous predefined set when the number of transmit antennas increases, and feeding back an index of the selected matrix to a transmitter; and multiplying the matrix of the feedback index to a transmission signal and transmitting the multiplied signal.

To achieve at least these advantages in whole or in parts, there is further provided a channel information transmission method of a receiver of a closed-loop MIMO system including: selecting a certain matrix from a new predefined set formed by using elements of a previous predefined set, if the number of transmit antennas increases; and feeding back an index of the selected matrix to a transmitter.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates the construction of a general closed-loop MIMO system; and

FIG. 2 illustrates a method for forming a predefined set in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 2 illustrates a method for forming a predefined set in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

When there are two transmit antennas in a closed-loop MIMO system, seed matrices can be obtained by equation (2) shown below: $\begin{matrix} {\begin{bmatrix} {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{11}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{12}}{K}} \right)} \\ {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{21}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{22}}{K}} \right)} \end{bmatrix}\quad} & (2) \end{matrix}$ wherein k_(mn) has an arbitrary value of integer values of 0, 1, . . . , K−1, ‘m’ is a row and ‘n’ is a column.

Below equation (3) shows seed matrices of the closed-loop MIMO system when there are two transmit antennas and K=4 (which means a unit circle is divided into 4 parts). The seed matrices have a long distance with each other, among matrices obtained by equation (2), namely, which are not similar to each other. $\begin{matrix} {{\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & i \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & {- 1} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 1 & i \\ i & 1 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 1 & i \\ 1 & {- i} \end{bmatrix},{{and}\quad\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ i & {- i} \end{bmatrix}}}\quad} & (3) \end{matrix}$

When the number of transmit antennas is increased to 4 in the closed-loop MIMO system, matrices can be increased as expressed in equation (4) shown below. ‘A’ and ‘B’ of equation (4) are matrices of a previous step (or dimension). That is, ‘A’ and ‘B’ are seed matrices when there are two transmit antennas. Equation (4) is based on Hadamard matrix, by which candidate matrices (elements of the predefined set) can be formed simply when the number of transmit antennas is doubled (increased). The Hadamard matrix is essential for processing a signal of wireless communication. The reason of using the Hadamard matrix is because a matrix element is simple as ±1 and as an orthogonal matrix it does not require a multiplier and thus signals can be processed at a high speed and implementation of hardware is easy. $\begin{matrix} {{\begin{bmatrix} A & 0 \\ 0 & A \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} A & A \\ A & {- A} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} A & A \\ B & {- B} \end{bmatrix},{{and}\quad\begin{bmatrix} A & B \\ A & {- B} \end{bmatrix}}}\quad} & (4) \end{matrix}$

In the above matrices, a normalization constant of each matrix is omitted for the sake of convenience. When transmit antennas are increased to 8, matrices can be extended to the form of equation (4) and the matrices become candidate matrices forming a predefined set.

After the candidate matrices are determined, the receiver 200 selects an optimal solution of the candidate matrices and feeds back a corresponding index to the transmitter 100.

In the present invention, as a reference for obtaining the optimal solution, equation (5) shown below is proposed: $\begin{matrix} {\underset{l}{\arg{\quad\quad}\min}{\prod\limits_{m}\quad\left( {C_{l}^{H}H^{H}H\quad C_{l}} \right)_{mm}}} & (5) \end{matrix}$

The equation (5) is based on orthogonalization of a radio channel (H), and in the present invention, an optimal solution is determined by substituting the predefined set to equation (5). A step of obtaining C_(optimal) is not necessary in the present invention. ‘H’ in equation (5) is a matrix indicating the radio channel and [ ]^(H) means conjugate transpose.

As so far described, the closed-loop MIMO system of the present invention has the following advantages.

That is, for example, candidate matrices forming a predefined set can be easily obtained. In addition, although the number of transmit antennas increases, candidate matrices can be simply obtained by using candidate matrices of a previous set. Moreover, by proposing a reference for selecting an optimal solution with a small amount of calculation, burden on a system can be considerably reduced.

The foregoing embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structure described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. 

1. A closed-loop MIMO system comprising: a receiver for forming a new predefined set by using elements of a previous predefined set, selecting a predetermined matrix of the new predefined set, and feeding back an index of the matrix, if the number of transmit antennas increases; and a transmitter for performing signal transmission by multiplying the matrix of the fedback index to a transmission signal.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein if the number of transmit antennas is 2, elements of the predefined set are obtained by an equation shown below: $\begin{bmatrix} {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{11}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{12}}{K}} \right)} \\ {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{21}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{22}}{K}} \right)} \end{bmatrix}\quad$ wherein k_(mn) has one of integer values of 0, 1, . . . , K−1, ‘m’ indicates a row and ‘n’ indicates a column.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined matrix is a candidate matrix with the smallest value of the products of diagonal elements of a third matrix when a radio channel matrix ‘H’ and a candidate matrix ‘C_(I)’ are multiplied to obtain a first matrix, a conjugate transpose matrix of ‘H’ and a conjugate transpose matrix of ‘C_(I)’ are multiplied to obtain a second matrix, and then the first matrix and the second matrix are multiplied to obtain the third matrix.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined matrix is selected by an equation shown below: $\underset{l}{\arg{\quad\quad}\min}{\prod\limits_{m}\quad\left( {C_{l}^{H}H^{H}H\quad C_{l}} \right)_{mm}}$ wherein ‘H’ is a matrix indicating a radio channel and [ ]^(H) means a conjugate transpose.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the new predefined set includes matrices of a structure such as Hadamard matrix.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of transmit antennas is doubled.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the new predetermined set includes matrices with orthogonality.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the new predefined set includes matrices whose minimum distance is the maximum.
 9. A closed-loop MIMO system comprising: a receiver for forming a new predefined set by using elements of a previous predefined set when the number of transmit antennas increases, selecting a certain matrix from the new predefined set, and feeding back an index of the matrix to a transmitter.
 10. A signal transmission method in a closed-loop MIMO system comprising: selecting a certain matrix from a new predefined set formed by using elements of a previous predefined set when the number of transmit antennas increases, and feeding back an index of the selected matrix to a transmitter; and multiplying the matrix of the feedback index to a transmission signal and transmitting the multiplied signal.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein if the number of the transmit antennas is 2, elements of the predefined set are obtained by an equation shown below: $\begin{bmatrix} {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{11}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{12}}{K}} \right)} \\ {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{21}}{K}} \right)} & {\exp\left( {j\frac{2\pi\quad k_{22}}{K}} \right)} \end{bmatrix}\quad$ wherein k_(mn) has one of integer values of 0, 1, . . . , K−1, ‘m’ indicates a row and ‘n’ indicates a column.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the predetermined matrix is a candidate matrix with the smallest value of the products of diagonal elements of a third matrix when a radio channel matrix ‘H’ and a candidate matrix ‘C_(I)’ are multiplied to obtain a first matrix, a conjugate transpose matrix of ‘H’ and a conjugate transpose matrix of ‘C_(I)’ are multiplied to obtain a second matrix, and then the first matrix and the second matrix are multiplied to obtain the third matrix.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the predetermined matrix is selected by an equation shown below: $\underset{l}{\arg{\quad\quad}\min}{\prod\limits_{m}\quad\left( {C_{l}^{H}H^{H}H\quad C_{l}} \right)_{mm}}$ wherein ‘H’ is a matrix indicating a radio channel and [ ]^(H) means a conjugate transpose.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the new predefined set includes matrices of a structure such as Hadamard matrix.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the number of transmit antennas is doubled.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the new predetermined set includes matrices with orthogonality.
 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the new predefined set includes matrices whose minimum distance is the maximum.
 18. A channel information transmission method of a receiver of a closed-loop MIMO system comprising: selecting a certain matrix from a new predefined set formed by using elements of a previous predefined set if the number of transmit antennas increases; and feeding back an index of the selected matrix to a transmitter.
 19. A signal transmission method of a transmitter of a closed-loop MIMO system having at least two transmit antennas, comprising: receiving a matrix index corresponding to a predetermined matrix of a predefined set; and transmitting a signal by using the matrix corresponding to the matrix index, wherein the predefined set has matrices, as elements, obtained from the predefined set when the number of the transmit antennas is 2, according to the number of transmit antennas. 